OpenBSD 4.5 发行版本:
发布于2009年5月1日
版权 1997-2009, Theo de Raadt。
ISBN 978-0-9784475-3-3
4.5 主题歌: "Games"
新特性
如何安装
如何升级
使用 ports 的方法
购买 CD
获得此版本的文件:
- 从我们的订购系统购买 CDROM。
- 从镜像站点的 FTP 页面中选择合适的镜像。
- 进入镜像站点的 pub/OpenBSD/4.5/ 目录。
- 简要阅读本文档的剩余部分。
- 阅读 4.5 勘误表获得问题列表和解决方案。
- 阅读 4.4 与 4.5 之间的详细修改记录。
说明: 所有相关的版权和荣誉声明在 src.tar.gz,sys.tar.gz 和
xenocara.tar.gz 文件中,或在通过 ports.tar.gz 下载的文件中。由于空间不足,
用于构建 ports.tar.gz 文件中的程序包的发行文件并未包括在 CDROM 中。
新特性
以下是 OpenBSD 4.5 中新特性和新系统功能的部分列表。 完整的列表位于 4.5
的修改记录中。
- 新增/扩展的构架平台:
- 基于 xscale 的 gumstix 和 基于 ARM 的 OpenMoko 平台的初始移植。
- OpenBSD/sparc64
- 为 Sun 的 CoolThreads 服务器,包含 UltraSPARC T2+ 机器,新增了驱动 vdsk(4)
和 vnet(4),以支持逻辑域之间的虚拟 I/O。
- 使用 UltraSPARC IIe CPU 的工作站和笔记本电脑现在可以降频,以节约电源。
- 更新了硬件支持, 包括:
- 几个新增/升级的传感器驱动,包括:
- The cac(4)
driver now has bio and sensor support.
- The mpi(4)
driver now has bio and sensor support.
- New gpiodcf(4)
driver for DCF77/HBG timedelta sensors through GPIO pins.
- New schsio(4)
driver for SMSC SCH311x LPC Super I/O devices.
- The it(4)
driver now supports IT8720F chips.
- The it(4)
driver now supports FAN4 and FAN5 sensors for IT8716F/IT8718F/IT8720F/IT8726F chips.
- The owtemp(4)
driver now supports Maxim/Dallas DS18B20 and DS1822 temperature sensors.
- The km(4)
driver now supports AMD Family 11h processors (Turion X2 Ultra et al).
- The lm(4)
driver now supports W83627DHG attachment on the I²C bus.
- The lmenv(4)
driver now has better support for the fan sensors on lm81, adm9240 and ds1780 chips.
- The sdtemp(4)
driver now supports ST STTS424 chips.
- The em(4)
driver now supports ICH9 IGP M and IGP M AMT chips, and link status
detection has improved.
- The sdmmc(4)
driver now supports SDHC cards.
- The msk(4)
driver now supports Yukon-2 FE+ (88E8040, 88E8042) based devices.
- The iwn(4)
driver now supports Intel WiFi Link 5100/5300 devices.
- The wpi(4) and iwn(4)
drivers now support hardware CCMP cryptography.
- The ath(4)
driver now has WPA-PSK support.
- age(4),
a driver for Attansic L1 gigabit Ethernet devices was added.
- ale(4),
a driver for Atheros AR81xx (aka Attansic L1E) Ethernet devices was added.
- mos(4),
a driver for Moschip MCS7730/7830 10/100 USB Ethernet devices was added.
- jme(4),
a driver for JMicron JMC250/JMC260 10/100 and Gigabit Ethernet devices was added.
- run(4),
a driver for Ralink USB IEEE 802.11a/b/g/Draft-N devices was added.
- auacer(4),
a driver for Acer Labs M5455 audio devices was added.
- ifb(4),
a driver for Sun Expert3D, Expert3D-Lite, XVR-500, XVR-600 and
XVR-1200 framebuffers (accelerated).
- wildcatfb(4),
an X driver for Sun Expert3D, Expert3D-Lite, XVR-500, XVR-600 and
XVR-1200 framebuffers (unaccelerated).
- sunffb(4),
an accelerated X driver for Sun Creator, Creator 3D and Elite 3D
framebuffers.
- vdsk(4),
a driver for virtual disks of sun4v logical domains.
- vnet(4),
a driver for virtual network adapters of sun4v logical domains.
- vrng(4),
a driver for the random number generator on Sun UltraSPARC T2/T2+ CPUs.
- The vcons(4)
driver is now interrupt driven.
- ips(4),
a driver for IBM SATA/SCSI ServeRAID controllers was added.
- udfu(4),
a driver for device firmware upgrade (DFU) was added.
- Many improvements were made to the
acpi(4)
subsystem.
- The umsm(4)
driver supports several new EVDO/UMTS devices.
- The mfi(4)
driver now supports the next generation of MegaRAID SAS controllers.
- New vsbic(4)
driver for the MVME327A SCSI and floppy controller on mvme68k and
mvme88k machines.
- The re(4)
driver now supports 8168D/8111D-based devices, and multicast reception on
8110SB/SC-based devices.
- The ehci(4)
driver now supports isochronous transfers.
- S/PDIF output support has been added to the
ac97(4),
auich(4),
auvia(4) and
azalia(4) drivers.
- azalia(4)
mixer has been clarified and simplified, support for 20-bit and 24-bit encodings has been added.
- The gbe(4)
frame buffer driver now supports acceleration.
- 新工具:
- 新功能:
- The libc
resolver(3)
may now be forced to perform lookups by TCP only using a new
resolv.conf(5)
option. The nameserver declaration in
resolv.conf(5)
has also been extended to allow specification of non-default nameserver ports.
- apropos(1)
has two new options (-S and -s) to allow searching by machine architecture
and manual section.
- aucat(1)
now has audio server capability.
Audio devices can be shared between multiple applications.
Applications can run natively on fixed sample rate devices
or on devices with unusual encodings.
Multi-channel audio devices can be split into smaller independent
subdevices.
- aucat(1)
now has a deviceless mode, in which it can be used as a
general purpose audio file format conversion utility (to mix,
demultiplex, resample or reencode files).
- ifconfig(8)
can now list channels supported by an IEEE 802.11 device.
- New views were added to
systat(8):
malloc, bucket and pool. Improvements were made to existing views.
- vnconfig(8) can now create devices with arbitrary geometry with the new -t option.
- FFS filesystems are now supported on most devices, e.g. CD's, that have
sector sizes other than 512 bytes.
- Disklabels are now correctly placed and found on most devices, e.g. CD's,
that have sector sizes other than 512 bytes.
- 各种改进和代码清理:
- malloc(3)
has gained new attack mitigation measures; critical bookkeeping
structures are protected at runtime using
mprotect(2)
and allocated at random addresses where possible.
- A new version of the gdtoa code has been integrated, bringing
better C99 support to
printf(3)
and friends.
- Vastly improved C99 support in libm, including complex math support.
- The
sppp(4)
layer and thus kernel
pppoe(4)
now support usernames and passwords of up to 255 characters.
- Recognize and spoof disklabel entries for more FAT and FAT32 variants.
- Automatically recognize tapes with 64K records.
- Improve option handling in dhcpd(8).
- When booting from a cd the root file system is now assumed to be on the cd, rather than always asking for the location.
- Disklabels constructed from native disklabels are now subject to the same
consistancy checks as all other disklabels.
- No longer display geometry information for
sd(4)
disk drives, since it was mostly fictitious these days.
- Fix handling of tftp ERROR frames so OpenBSD pxeboot can be loaded from
picky tftp servers.
- Many
scsi(4)
drivers now retry operations that can't be immediately started rather than
giving up.
- MBR and DPME disklabels are no longer written out with invalid checksum
information in some circumstances.
- 对安装/升级过程的修改:
- crunchgen(1) and crunchide(1) have been merged into
crunchgen(8), which
is now built and installed by default.
- mksuncd(1) now lives in base and is installed by default.
- CD-ROM installs are now supported on SGI.
- Accept initial root passwords containing backslash characters.
- Install now allows multiple interfaces to be configured with
dhcp(8).
- Upgrades now use the minimal protocols(5)
and services(5)
files provided on the install media.
- The install media no longer contain a
disktab(5) file.
- Serial console speed is correctly determined on macppc.
- OpenSSH 5.2:
- 新特性:
- Added an option to
ssh(1)
to force logging to syslog rather than stderr.
- The
sshd_config(5)
ForceCommand directive now accepts commandline arguments for
the internal-sftp server.
- The
ssh(1)
~C escape commandline now support runtime creation of dynamic port
forwards.
- Support the
SOCKS4A protocol in
ssh(1)
dynamic forwards.
- Support remote port forwarding with a listen port of '0'.
- sshd(8)
now supports setting PermitEmptyPasswords and
AllowAgentForwarding in Match blocks.
- 修正了以下重要问题:
- Repair a
ssh(1)
crash introduced in openssh-5.1 when the client is sent a zero-length
banner.
- The eow@openssh.com and no-more-sessions@openssh.com
protocol extensions are now only sent to peers that identify themselves
as OpenSSH.
- Avoid printing "Non-public channel" warnings in
sshd(8),
since
ssh(1)
has sent incorrect channel numbers since ~2004; make
ssh(1)
send the correct channel number for SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS
and SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE.
- Avoid double-free in
ssh(1)
~C escape -L handler.
- Correct fail-on-error behaviour in
sftp(1)
batchmode for remote stat operations.
- Avoid hang in
ssh(1)
when attempting to connect to a server that has MaxSessions
set to zero.
- 超过 5500 个 ports,package 工具的健壮性有所改进。
- 每种架构都有许多预先构建的包:
- i386: 5379
- sparc64: 5174
- alpha: 5132
|
- sh: 1543
- amd64: 5312
- powerpc: 5162
|
- sparc: 2651
- arm: 4120
- hppa: 4689
| |
一些精彩程序:
- Gnome 2.24.3.
- GNUstep 1.18.0.
- KDE 3.5.10.
- Mozilla Firefox 3.0.6.
- Mozilla Thunderbird 2.0.0.19.
- MySQL 5.0.77.
- OpenOffice.org 2.4.2 and 3.0.1.
- PostgreSQL 8.3.6.
- Xfce 4.4.3.
- OpenArena 0.8.1 (only for amd64, i386 and macppc)
- 按照惯例,手册或其它文档也有相应补充和修改。
- 以下是系统包含的外部提供的重要程序:
- Xenocara (based on X.Org 7.4 + patches, freetype 2.3.7, fontconfig 2.4.2, Mesa 7.2, xterm 239 and more)
- Gcc 2.95.3
(+ patches)
and 3.3.5
(+ patches)
- Perl 5.10.0 (+ patches)
- Our improved and secured version of Apache 1.3, with SSL/TLS and DSO support
- OpenSSL 0.9.8j (+ patches)
- Groff 1.15
- Sendmail 8.14.3, with libmilter
- Bind 9.4.2-P2 (+ patches)
- Lynx 2.8.5rel.4 with HTTPS and IPv6 support (+ patches)
- Sudo 1.7
- Ncurses 5.2
- Latest KAME IPv6
- Heimdal 0.7.2 (+ patches)
- Arla 0.35.7
- Binutils 2.15 (+ patches)
- Gdb 6.3 (+ patches)
如何安装
如果通过购买的 CD 安装,请按照下述指令操作。使用
FTP(或其它安装方式)安装与之类似;CDROM 中的安装是自治的,
它会让你知道如果使用购买的 CD 安装是多么方便。
有关安装 OpenBSD 4.5 更详细的信息,请参阅在三张 CD 或相关 FTP
镜像站点中的以下文件:
- CD1:4.5/i386/INSTALL.i386
- CD2:4.5/amd64/INSTALL.amd64
- CD2:4.5/macppc/INSTALL.macppc
- CD3:4.5/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64
- FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.5/alpha/INSTALL.alpha
- FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.5/armish/INSTALL.armish
- FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.5/hp300/INSTALL.hp300
- FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.5/hppa/INSTALL.hppa
- FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.5/landisk/INSTALL.landisk
- FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.5/mac68k/INSTALL.mac68k
- FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.5/mvme68k/INSTALL.mvme68k
- FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.5/mvme88k/INSTALL.mvme88k
- FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.5/sgi/INSTALL.sgi
- FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.5/socppc/INSTALL.socppc
- FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.5/sparc/INSTALL.sparc
- FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.5/vax/INSTALL.vax
- FTP:.../OpenBSD/4.5/zaurus/INSTALL.zaurus
快速安装仅适合熟悉 OpenBSD 和“disklabel -E”命令用法的人。如果你根本不懂安装
OpenBSD,请参阅上面罗列的相应 INSTALL.* 文件!
OpenBSD/i386:
设置 BIOS 可以从 CD 启动。OpenBSD/i386 发行版本在 CD1 中。如果你的 BIOS
不支持从 CD 启动,就可能需要制作启动软盘。将 CD1:4.5/i386/floppy45.fs
写入软盘来制作启动软盘,通过软盘驱动器启动。
使用 CD1:4.5/i386/floppyB45.fs 来制作引导软盘,可以获得更好的 SCSI
支持,或者使用 CD1:4.5/i386/floppyC45.fs 来制作引导软盘,
获得更好的笔记本电脑支持。
如果你不能从 CD 或软盘启动的话,还可以用 PXE 通过网络安装,请参阅
INSTALL.i386 文件。
如果计划让 OpenBSD 与另一操作系统共存,双重启动,请参阅 INSTALL.i386
文件。
在 MS-DOS 环境制作启动软盘,请使用位于 CD1:4.5/tools/rawrite.exe
的"rawrite"工具。在 Unix OS 环境制作启动软盘,请使用
dd(1)
工具。下面是使用
dd(1),
的例子,"device"可以是"floppy","rfd0c",或"rfd0a"。
# dd if=<file> of=/dev/<device> bs=32k
请确认你的软盘无坏道,已经正确格式化。否则很可能会安装失败。
有关制作启动软盘和安装 OpenBSD/i386 的信息请参阅
FAQ 4.3.1。
OpenBSD/amd64:
OpenBSD/amd64 的 4.5 版本在 CD2 中。设置 BIOS 可以从 CD 启动,然后用 CD
启动,开始安装 - 你可能需要先修改 BIOS 选项。
如果不能从 CD 启动,可以通过制作启动软盘来安装。用
CD2:4.5/amd64/floppy45.fs 来制作启动软盘,然后用软驱来启动。
如果不能从 CD 或软盘启动,可以用 PXE 通过网络来安装,有关信息请参阅
INSTALL.amd64 文件。
如果计划让 OpenBSD 与另一个操作系统共存,双重启动,请参阅
INSTALL.amd64。
OpenBSD/macppc:
将 CD2 放入 CDROM,开机后一直按着 C 键,直到显示器显示
OpenBSD/macppc boot 。
或者在出现 Open Firmware 提示时,输入 boot cd:,ofwboot
/4.5/macppc/bsd.rd 。
OpenBSD/sparc64:
将 CD3 放入 CDROM,输入 boot cdrom 。
如果这个没用,或没有光驱,你可以把 CD3:4.5/sparc64/floppy45.fs 或
CD3:4.5/sparc64/floppyB45.fs
(依赖于你的机器)写入软盘,用它作为启动盘,输入
boot floppy 来启动。详细内容参阅 INSTALL.sparc64。
请确认你的软盘无坏道,已经正确格式化。否则很可能会安装失败。
你也可以将 CD3:4.5/sparc64/miniroot45.fs 写入磁盘中的 swap 分区,
然后在启动时输入 boot disk:b 。
如果以上都不行,你可以按照 INSTALL.sparc64 中的描述通过网络来启动安装。
OpenBSD/alpha:
将 FTP:4.5/alpha/floppy45.fs 或
FTP:4.5/alpha/floppyB45.fs (依赖于你的机器)写入软盘,用它作为启动盘,输入
boot dva0 来启动。详细内容参阅 INSTALL.alpha。
请确认你的软盘无坏道,已经正确格式化。否则很可能会安装失败。
OpenBSD/armish:
连接串口之后,Thecus 能直接通过网络用 tftp 或 http 启动。使用 fconfig
配置网络,重置之后,加载 bsd.rd,详细信息请参阅 INSTALL.armish 。
IOData HDL-G 只能从 EXT2 格式分区启动。进入
linux,复制 'boot' 和 'bsd.rd' 到第一个分区 wd0(hda1),
然后加载和运行 'bsd.rd',保留 wd0i(hda1) 上的 EXT2 分区。请参阅 INSTALL.armish
以获得更多信息。
OpenBSD/hp300:
OpenBSD/hppa:
OpenBSD/landisk:
OpenBSD/mac68k:
正常启动 MacOS,将 FTP:4.5/mac68k/utils 下的程序
“BSD/Mac68k Booter” 解压到硬盘。用 bsd.rd 内核文件的位置配置
“BSD/Mac68k Booter”,启动后进入安装程序。更多相关信息请参阅
INSTALL.mac68k 。
OpenBSD/mvme68k:
OpenBSD/mvme88k:
OpenBSD/sparc:
从提供的 ISO 安装文件引导,根据你所用的 ROM 版本,
需用到下面两个命令中的一个。
ok boot cdrom 4.5/sparc/bsd.rd
或
> b sd(0,6,0)4.5/sparc/bsd.rd
如果你的 SPARC 系统没有 CD 驱动器,可以通过将 floppy45.fs 写入软盘,
使用软盘来启动安装。更多的信息请参阅
FAQ 4.3.1。根据 ROM 版本的不同,
从软盘启动安装需要下面两个命令中的一个。
ok boot floppy
或
> b fd()
请确认你的软盘无坏道,已经正确格式化。否则很可能会安装失败。
如果你的 SPARC 系统没有软驱和 CD 驱动器,你可以制作可启动磁带,
或者通过网络来安装。相关内容在 INSTALL.sparc 中。
OpenBSD/sgi:
将 cd45.iso 刻录到光盘,将其放入光驱中,从系统维护菜单中选择
Install System Software 进行安装。
如果没有光驱,可以配置 DHCP/tftp 网络服务器,用
"bootp()/bsd.rd" 来引导启动安装。更多相关信息请参阅 INSTALL.sgi。
OpenBSD/socppc:
OpenBSD/vax:
用 mopbooting 通过网络启动来安装,相关信息请参阅 INSTALL.vax。
OpenBSD/zaurus:
关于源代码的说明:
src.tar.gz 包含的源代码文件开始路径是 /usr/src。
该文件包括除了内核代码之外的所有源代码,内核代码位于单独的档案文件中。
解压方法:
# mkdir -p /usr/src
# cd /usr/src
# tar xvfz /tmp/src.tar.gz
sys.tar.gz 包含的源代码文件路径开始是 /usr/src/sys。
该文件包括了重建内核需要的所有源代码。解压方法:
# mkdir -p /usr/src/sys
# cd /usr/src
# tar xvfz /tmp/sys.tar.gz
这些文件是 CVS 检出格式。可以使用匿名 CVS
服务器基于它们获得最新的版本。基于这些文件更新,比从 CVS
完全检出的速度要快得多。
如何升级
如果你已经安装了OpenBSD 4.4,不想重新安装,可以在升级指南中找到升级方法和忠告。
使用 ports 的方法
也提供了 ports 的档案文件。解压方法:
# cd /usr
# tar xvfz /tmp/ports.tar.gz
# cd ports
ports/ 子目录是 OpenBSD ports 版本库的检出副本。假如你不了解 ports,
请浏览 ports 页面。该文件并非是如何使用 ports 的手册,
它只是 OpenBSD ports 系统用户的初级读本。
The ports/ 目录是我们从 CVS(如果你不熟悉 CVS,请参阅手册
cvs(1)) 检出的 ports 副本。与我们的代码一样,ports 也可以通过匿名 CVS
服务器更新。因此,为了确保版本是最新的,必须使 ports/ 在可读写的介质中,
更新的命令是:
# cd [portsdir]/; cvs -d anoncvs@server.openbsd.org:/cvs update -Pd -rOPENBSD_4_5
[当然,在实际操作时需要将本地目录和服务器名称替换成你的 ports
所在位置和较近的匿名 CVS 服务器。]
注意大部分的 ports 可以通过 FTP 获得预先编译的二进制包。如果发现问题,会为
4.5 版本发布升级包。
如果你有兴趣观察 ports 的变动信息,或者帮助我们,或者只是想获得更多的信息,
请加入邮件列表 ports@openbsd.org 。
www@openbsd.org
$OpenBSD: 45.html,v 1.3 2010/10/19 14:31:15 ajacoutot Exp $